Cultivation intensification with a recirculation system tends to have a high stocking density and a large amount of feed, so that feed residue, metabolic waste, and oxygen consumption also increase. To speed up the decomposition of feed residue and metabolic waste, filtering is necessary, namely by means of a bioball. This study aimed to analyze the types and numbers of bacteria present in the bioball, to improve water quality and the optimal number of bioballs for bacterial living media. The study used a completely randomized design, with 1 factor, 5 levels of treatment and 3 replications. The treatment levels are: A=without bioballs (control), B=35 bioball filters per container, C=45 bioball filters per container, D=55 bioball filters per container and E=65 bioball filters per container. Silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii) fish specimens measuring 10-12.55 cm and a body weight of 24.3-28.9 g, were cultivated for 56 days, at a stocking density of 1 fish for a water volume of 4 L (a total of 20 fish in a volume of 80 L). During the rearing, fish were fed with Megami GR2 pellets with a composition of 46% protein, 10% fat, 2% crude fiber and 10% moisture content, 3 times a day adlibitum. The type and density of bacteria in the bioball was observed, together with the water quality parameters, such as: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total ammonium nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate. The research data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA (P<0.05), Newman Keuls’s advanced test and multiple regression models, with the SPSS 17.0 software. The best treatment was found in the use of 55 bioball filters per containers, with a volume of 9.8 L, which gave a bacterial density of 667.67±1.53×105 CFU mL-1. The number of bioballs affected the bacterial density by 31.1%, the nitrogen absorption in fish by 16.5% and the filter media by 85.2%. The bacteriocidal types found in the filter media are Acinetobacter sp., Shewanella sp. and Nitratireductor sp. A salinity of 15‰ in the culturing media with a filter substrate of 55 bioball filters per container in the recirculation system gave the best bacterial density and water quality: temperature 28.6-29.10C, pH 7.6-7.8, dissolved oxygen (DO) 6.3-6.7 mg L-1, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) 0.06-1.57 mg L-1, nitrite (NO2) 0.120-0.861 mg L-1 and nitrate (NO3) 0.93-3.07 mg L-1.
Ecological sustainability of rice farms in Siak District, Riau, Indonesia
Abstract
Yusuf R, Tang UM, Karnila R, Fuadi I, Pato U. 2020. Ecological sustainability of rice farms in Siak District, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3797-3804. The research was conducted in Siak District, Riau Province, Indonesia from January to July 2018 in the four subdistricts of rice production centers. The purpose of this study was to identify the ecological conditions of rice farming, analyze the index and ecological sustainability status of lowland rice farming, and analyze the role of each ecological attribute that will have sensitivity to the management of wetland rice in the development of rice farming in the Siak District in the near future. There were 203 sample farmers selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was done by interview and field observation. The sustainability was analyzed using the Rap-Rice method with Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The results of the Rap-Rice analysis of eight ecological attributes were analyzed; five attributes provided high sensitivity for Sungai Mandau, and three attributes provided high sensitivity for the subdistricts of Bunga Raya, Sabak Auh, and Sungai Apit. Attributes that provided high sensitivity for all subdistricts were attributes of land suitability with land use plans and land conversion rates. The average attributes of ownership of the farm area provided high sensitivity for only three subdistricts (Sabak Auh, Sungai Apit, Sungai Mandau) . Based on ecological conditions, analysis of wetland rice farming in Siak District showed a sustainable category for Bunga Raya (56.10%), Sabak Auh (52.80%), and Sungai Mandau (54.90%) and less sustainability for Sungai Apit (48.80%).
Keywords: Analysis of sustainability, ecology, farming, lowland rice
Osmotic performance rate, stress response and growth performance of silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii) reared in different salinities using recirculating culture system
Abstract. Silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii) has received tremendous attention from the aquaculture sector, due to its favourable features, such as a high economic value, its good adaptive response and its potential to be cultured in various salinities. The aim of this study was to discover the effects of medium salinities on osmotic performance rate, blood cortisol, and growth performance (absolute growth weight and lenght, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion (FC), feed efficiency (FE), survival rate (SR)) of T. blochii under recirculating system. The histological alterations (kidney and gill) and water quality (temperature, pH, DO, NH3, NO2 and NO3) were also observed. The 56-day experiment was carried out in Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BPBL) of Batam, Indonesia. A total of 300 fish specimens (11-13 cm in length, weighing 28-29 g) were raised in a 100 L tank containing 80 L of water at a density of 1 fish 4 L-1 (20 fish in total). They were fed with commercial pellet (46% protein) at 3% of fish biomass and 3 times a day. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design with 5 levels of salinity: P1=25‰, P2=20‰, P3=15‰, P4=10‰ and P5=5‰, by performing triplicate measurements for each treatment. The treatment with 15 ‰ salinity showed the best effects, yielding an osmotic performance rate of 3 mOsm L-1 H2O, a blood cortisol level of 50,923 nmol L-1, an absolute growth weight and length of 17.73±1.25 g and 2.32±0.21 cm, respectively, an SGR of 0.87±0.05%, an FC of
1.24±0.00, an FE of 80.79±0.58 and an SR of 88.33±2.88%. Histologically, there were no anomalies in the structure of gill and kidney of the fish cultured in 5‰-25‰ salinities. Water quality was acceptable for growing T. blochii.
Key Words: gill, kidney, blood cortisol, histology, water quality.
Development of Mouth Opening and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Sheatfish (Ompok hypopthalmus) Larvae
The objectives of this research was 1) to measure the development of mouth opening width and 2) to analyze the digestive enzyme activities. The research was conducted from April to November 2017 in the Hatchery Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Riau. The results showed that the increase of mouth opening and the rate of gut evacuation of sheatfish larvae was due to the increase of digestive enzyme activities and feed consumption rate.
Growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish fed a commercial diet and reared in the Clarias gariepinus biofloc system enhanced with probiotic
Background
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish fed a commercial diet and Clarias gariepinus reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic.
Methods
The treatment was the frequency of probiotic application into the cultured system, namely, 5-day interval, 10-day interval, and 15-day interval for 60 days of experiment. Biofloc culture was grown in an experiment tank (vol. 2000 L) by mixing the probiotic ( sp.) 10 mL and molasses 200 mL per liter of Bacillus water. The fish was stocked into the biofloc system 7 days after cultured at stocking density of 1000 fish tank. The fish was fed a commercial diet that contains 38% crude protein, twice a day at satiation. The application of probiotic was reperformed after 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days after stocking.
F1000 Iskandar Putra, Rusliadi Rusliadi, Muhammad Fauzi , Usman M. Tang
Effect of water temperature on the physiological stress and growth performance of tapah (Wallago leeri ) during domestication
Usman Muhammad Tang, Zainal Abidin Muchlisin, Henni Syawal, Heri Masjudi
The objectives of the present study were to analyze the effect of temperature regimes on stress levels and to
determine the suitable water temperature for the domestication of tapah, Wallago leeri Bleeker. A completely randomizedmethod was used in this study, and three levels of water temperature were tested, namely, 27, 29, and 31°C, in seven replicates. A total of 500 experimental fish were collected from the Kampar River, Langgam, Riau, Indonesia, and transported to the Aquaculture Laboratory, Riau University. The fish were reared in 21 tanks at stocking densities of 70-100 fish tank-1 . The fish were fed rough fish three times a day at 08:00, 12:00, and 21:00 for 30 days. Blood samples were taken on days 1, 14, and 29, which were analyzed for cortisol, glucose, and plasma protein. Growth and survival rates were recorded at the end of the experiment. ANOVA showed that water temperature had a significant effect on the stress condition, growth, and survival rate of tapah. Lower blood glucose, protein, and cortisol plasma levels were recorded in fish acclimatized at 29°C with values of 14.44mg dL-1, 5.35 g dL-1, and 6.90mgmL-1, respectively. Additionally, higher growth performance (32.30 g) and survival rates (100%) were also found in fish reared at 29°C. It was concluded that the best water temperature for the domestication of tapah is 29°C.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MINERAL Fe DAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA TERHADAP KEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN SELAIS (Ompok Hypopthalmus)
Andy Sabara, Usman Muhammad Tang, Sukendi
This study was aimed to Analyzed the Fe supplementation on gonadal maturity of selais, then to Analyzed the effect of culture system to accelerate gonadal maturation of selais, and the last aimed was to Analyzed the interaction between culture system with Fe amount. The method used is an experimental method. The design with two factors: the Fe Supplementation and culture system. Factor 1 is the feed formulation with 4 supplementation levels of Fe (synthetic), Fe From shell, Fe supplementation from anchovies and control without the Fe supplementation. Factor 2 is culture system which are stagnant ad flowing water. The results showed that Fe supplementation and culture systems affect the fish
growth, but their interaction was not significant. The best treatment was obtained in the treatment of Fe supplementation from shellfish and water flowing systems.
Developmental stages of endemic bilih fish larvae (Mystacoleucus padangensis) from Singkarak Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Warnety Munir, Mansyurdin, Usman M. Tang, Indra J. Zakaria
Larvae developmental stages was studied in the endemic bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker, 1852) from Singkarak Lake, West Sumatera, Indonesia. We obtained the study material by artificial insemination. The fertilized eggs were incubated in dechlorinated tap water under temperature 26-28oC. Ten to twenty larvae were collected everyday on the first week and then weekly till juvenile. Larvae development stages was assigned using dissecting microscope, determined and named by body total length and morphological features. The result showed that the early juvenile reached at 11.1 mm (5 week post hatching, wph) and scale juvenile at 35.36 mm total length (16 wph) through stages are total length 2.44 mm (pectoral fin bud), 2.85 mm (gill vesicle), 3.24 mm (caudal fin development biginning), 3.60 mm (pectoral fin ray), 3.75 mm (jaw has formed completely), 3.9 mm (caudal fin primordia rounded), 4.12 mm (beginning of notochord flexi), 4.69 mm (dorsal and anal fin development), 6.18 mm (primordia hypural bone), 11.1 mm (skin finfold has disappeared), 14.92 mm (caudal fin completely developed), 16.85 mm (primordia scale developed), 18.32 mm (scale pattern pigmented area has reached lateral line).
Biological aspects of lelan fish, Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia (Cyprinidae) from the upstream and downstream of the Kampar River, Riau Province, Indonesia
Muhammad Fauzi, Dahelmi Dahelmi, Indra J. Zakaria, Usman M. Tang
Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia is one of native fish present in the Kampar River. This fish used to migrate to downstream area due to reproductive activities. The construction of the Koto Panjang Dam may hamper this activity and also divided the population into 2 groups, the upstream and downstream population. To understand the biological aspects of the fish in both populations and its relationship to the presence of the dam, this study has been conducted from November 2011 to August 2012. The fish was sampled in the Kampar River, in the upstream and downstream of the Koto Panjang Dam. The fish was captured using gill nets monthly for a ten months period. The number of fish captured in the upstream was 7, while that of of the downstream was 228. The sex ratio of the fish is almost balance. The fish from both population shown similar reproductive pattern, there are mature males and females in April and there is no fish caught in May due to reproductive purposes migration. The reproductive activity of the upstream fish is unsucceed as there is no single small fish found. The rarity and the lack of small fish in the upstream population is strongly related to the failure of reproduction due to the construction of the Koto Panjang Dam.
The Morphological Characteristic of the Male and Female the Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia (Cyprinidae) in the Kampar River, Riau, Indonesia
Muhammad Fauzi, Usman M Tang, Indra Junaidi Zakaria, Dahelmi
A study on morphological characteristic of the male and female ofDiplocheilichthys pleurotaenia obtained from River Kampar has been conducted in November 2011 – August 2013. This study aims to understand the similarity and the differences of the male and female characteristic of the fish that inhabit in the River Kampar. There were 52 fishes of males and 85 fishes of females were examined in this study. Morphological characteristics were examined consisted of 43 characteristics. The research may explain that the morphological characteristics between male and female of the fish and the types were based on its morphology. The morphometric characters were difference between male and female of fish are Height under linealateralis (TBbl), Width caudal peduncle (LBE), Lenght from pelvic fin to anal fin(JSVSA), Height dorsal fin (TSD), Height pectoral fin (TSP) and lenght pelvic fin (TSV).